有孚發若，信以發志

50. Appointment of Voting Directors

(1) The Voting Directors may at any time appoint any person to be a Voting Director, either to fill a casual vacancy or as an addition to the existing Voting Directors, but so that the total number of Voting Directors never exceeds the number determined in accordance with this Constitution.

(2) Any Voting Director so appointed must offer himself for re-election by the Company at the next general meeting.

51. Compulsory Retirement

(1) At each annual general meeting of the Company, the Voting Directors who must retire from office are determined as follows:

(a)each Voting Director appointed by the Voting Directors under Article 50(1) in accordance with Article 50(2); and 

(b)each Voting Director who, if they do not retire from office at that annual general meeting, would hold office past the third annual general meeting following the later of the Voting Director’s appointment and last re-election; and

(c) if no Voting Directors are required to retire from office under Article 51(1)(a) or (b), then the Voting Director longest in office since last elected by the Company. If there are two or more Voting Directors who have been in office an equal length of time, then in default of agreement between those Voting Directors, the Voting Director to retire in accordance with this paragraph shall be determined by lot.

None of the managing director and any alternate Voting Director is to be taken into account in determining the number of Voting Directors to retire.

(2) Subject to this Constitution, a retiring Voting Director holds office until the conclusion of the meeting at which that Voting Director retires but is eligible for re-election.  

(3) The Company may by resolution remove any Voting Director before the expiration of his office and by resolution appoint another person in his stead in the manner prescribed by the Corporations Act.

(4) The Company may, at a general meeting at which a Voting Director retires, fill the vacated office by electing a person to that office.

(5) If the vacated office is not filled by election, the retiring Voting Director, if available for re-election and not disqualified under the Corporations Act from holding office as a Voting Director, is deemed to have been reelected unless at that meeting:

(a) it is expressly resolved not to fill the vacated office; or

(b) a resolution for the re-election of that Director is put and lost.

【要点解析】

（一）fill a casual vacancy  補選臨時出現的職位空缺

參見《元照英美法詞典》：casual 偶然的；意外的；不可預見的；臨時的；無規律的；無計劃的

election to fill vacancy in office 補缺選舉

既指在尚未出現職位空缺時進行的定期的現任官員期滿時的繼任者的選舉，也指在出現空缺時所進行的選舉。

（二）offer himself for re-election by the Company 提議由本公司……將本人重新選為有表決權董事

參見《朗曼詞典》關於動詞offer的第二項釋義：to say that you are willing to do something (https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/offer)

（三）compulsory retirement 強制卸任

根據文義，retirement譯作“卸任”，不宜譯為“退休”。

retire from office  亦譯作“卸任”。

參見《元照英美法詞典》：compulsory 強制的；法律或法律程序所強制要求的

（四）under和in accordance with

第51條第(1)款(a)項中同時使用了under和in accordance with，二者都可以譯作“根據”。乍看，二者的關係似乎不好理解。

結合上下文來看，意思就清楚了。這一款想要表述的內容是：根據第50條第(1)款被任命的有表決權董事，應當按照第50條第(2)款的規定，由本公司決定他能否再度當選。不能再度當選，他就得卸任。in accordance with Article 50(2)其實修飾determined。

（五）第51條第(1)款(b)項

the later of the Voting Director’s appointment and last re-election是指可能有兩種情況：被任命為有表決權董事（the Voting Director’s appointment）或最近再度當選為有表決權董事（the Voting Director’s last re-election），以二者當中較晚的時間為准，所以原文“and”在譯文中表述為“或”。

副詞last在這裡的意思是most recently before now。

這段文字不容易理解，介詞past 和following的關係是理解的難點，也是解題的關鍵。結合上下文來看，有表決權董事如果在這次年度股東大會上不卸任，要麼是他先前獲得任命，要麼是他再度當選。而最近再度當選的時間有可能是這次會議之前，也有可能是這次會議上。無論是獲得任命還是再度當選，從二者中較晚的一個時間點開始計算，假如他的任期有可能超過第三次年度股東大會，他就屬於必須卸任的有表決權董事。

（六）in default of agreement between those Voting Directors 若他們之間沒有達成協議

在第51條第(1)款(c)項中，短語in default of something作狀語。《麥克米倫詞典》關於in default of something的釋義是if something does not exist or happen

參見https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/in-default-of-something?q=in+default+of

（七）be determined by lot 通過抽籤方式決定

by lot的意思是“抽簽；抓鬮”。

參見《朗曼詞典》關於by lot的釋義：if someone is chosen by lot, several people each take a piece of paper or an object from a container, and the person who is chosen is the one who gets a particular marked paper or object

https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/lot

（八）appoint another person in his stead 任命他人接替被免職的有表決權董事

在第51條第(3)款中，短語do something in somebody’s stead意思是“代替（某人）”。

參見《麥克米倫詞典》的釋義：to leave a job or position so that it is available for someone else to do

https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/stead

【参考译文】

50. 任命有表決權董事

(1) 有表決權董事可以隨時任命任何人為有表決權董事，以補選臨時出現的空缺或者在現有的有表決權董事之外進行增選，但經補選或增選，有表決權董事的總數不得超過按本章程確定的人數。

(2) 經如此任命的有表決權董事須提議由本公司在下一次股東大會上將本人重新選為有表決權董事。

51. 強制卸任

(1) 在本公司舉行的每一次年度股東大會上，按以下方式決定必須卸任的有表決權董事：

(a)有表決權董事根據第50條第(1)款任命並按第50條第(2)款處理的每一位有表決權董事；及

(b)如果在這次年度股東大會上不卸任，則在他被任命為有表決權董事或最近再度當選為有表決權董事之後（以較晚的時間為准），還將會在第三次年度股東大會過後繼續任職的每一位有表決權董事；及

(c) 如果有表決權董事均無須根據第51條第(1)款(a)項或(b)項的規定卸任，那麼自本公司上一次選舉其擔任有表決權董事後任職最久的有表決權董事應當卸任。如果兩位或兩位以上有表決權董事任職年限相同，若他們之間沒有達成協議，則通過抽籤方式決定哪一位有表決權董事須按本款的規定卸任。

在確定要卸任的有表決權董事人數時，執行董事以及候補有表決權董事不考慮在內。

(2) 在不違反本章程規定的情況下， 若某一位有表決權董事在年度股東大會上卸任，該次會議結束，他的任職期即告終止，但他仍有資格再度當選有表決權董事。

(3) 本公司可以憑決議在有表決權董事任期屆滿以前將其免職，本公司可以按照《公司法》規定的方式憑決議任命他人接替被免職的有表決權董事。

(4) 在有表決權董事卸任的股東大會上，本公司可以選出擔任該職的人，從而填補空缺的職位。

(5) 如果沒有採取選舉方式填補空缺的職位，只要卸任的有表決權董事可以再次參加選舉而且根據《公司法》的規定仍然有資格擔任有表決權董事，就視為他已經再次當選該職位，除非在這次會議上：

(a) 明確決定不填補空缺的職位；或者

(b) 提出重新選舉該董事的決議但決議未獲通過。