為學日益，為道日損。

【例句42】

Whenever a compromise or arrangement is proposed between the Corporation and its creditors or any class of them and/or between the Corporation and its stockholders or any class of them, any court of equitable jurisdiction within the State of Delaware may, on the application in a summary way of the Corporation or any creditor or stockholder thereof or on the application of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 291 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code or on the application of trustees in dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 279 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code, order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation, as the case may be, to be summoned in such manner as the said court directs. If a majority of number representing three fourths in value of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation, as the case may be, agree to any compromise or arrangement and to any reorganization of the Corporation as a consequence of such compromise or arrangement, the said compromise or arrangement and the said reorganization shall, if sanctioned by the court to which the said application has been made, be binding on all the creditors or class of creditors, and/or on all the stockholders, or class of stockholders, of the Corporation, as the case may be, and also on this Corporation.

【要點解析】

（一）連詞whenever

在例句中連詞whenever引導時間狀語從句。它的意思是“無論什麼時候”。

參見《麥克米倫詞典》的第1a項釋義：at any time or in any situation when something may be wanted, needed, possible etc (https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/whenever)

（二）compromise & arrangement

《元照英美法詞典》對於compromise和arrangement的解釋都有“和解”的意思。

參見《元照英美法詞典》：

compromise

(1)和解；妥協

爭議雙方或各方互相妥協解決爭議的協議，如債務人以部分償付換取債權人不再追究其餘欠債。

(2)(解決紛爭的)仲裁協議

arrangement

(1)整理；安排；編排

(2)和解；和解協議

曾經被稱為composition。該詞有雙重含義，一是指失去支付能力但仍有重振希望的債務人在破產法院調整財務以待復興〔rehabilitate〕的程式，即和解程式；二是指在該程式中為可能實現債務人復興而制定的計劃，即和解協議。

arrangement with creditors 與債權人和解

(破產法) 指債務人與債權人就債務的和解〔settlement〕、清償〔satisfaction〕或延期償付〔extension〕達成協議。如美國聯邦《破產法典》〔Bankruptcy Code〕第11章規定，在法院的保護和監督下，經濟陷入困境的企業可以根據重整計劃與債權人達成協議，允許其繼續營業，而不是馬上破產。

另見Black’s Law Dictionary (Eighth Edition):  compromise. n.  1. An agreement between two or more persons to settle matters in dispute between them; an agreement for the settlement of a real or supposed claim in which each party surrenders something in concession to the other. Also termed compromise and settlement.  2. A debtor’s partial payment coupled with the creditor’s promise not to claim the rest of the amount due or claimed.

arrangement with creditors.  A debtor’s agreement with creditors for the settlement, satisfaction, or extension of time for payment of debts.

在實踐中，有時將compromise 當作公司與債權人之間的和解，將arrangement當作公司與公司股東之間的和解。在Delaware General Corporation Law中，“compromise or arrangement”字樣出現十次，這部法律未對這兩個詞作出定義。《元照英美法詞典》和《布萊克法律詞典》也沒有對compromise和arrangement作出上述區分。

翻譯實踐中，對於這樣的情況有兩種處理思路。一是吸收法，原文有幾個並列在一起的同義詞，在譯文中僅用一個詞表述，也就是說其中一個詞吸收了其他同義詞。第二種思路是譯文盡可能用意思相近的詞語表述原文並列的同義詞。譯文采用第二種思路，將compromise譯作“和解”，將arrangement譯作“償債安排”。

（三） propose  建議，打算，擬定

參見《朗曼詞典》的第一項釋義：to suggest something as a plan or course of action (https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/propose)

（四）on the application in a summary way of  基於……以簡易方式提出的申請

summary [ˈsʌməri]  adj.  (法律程序)簡易的

參見Black’s Law Dictionary (Eighth Edition)的釋義：without the usual formalities; esp., without a jury <a summary trial>.

另外參閱《元照英美法詞典》關於summary proceeding的釋義，體會summary的意思：

summary proceeding 簡易程序

指以一種快速、簡便的方式來解決爭議、處理案件或開庭審判，不需陪審團的參加，也可以不遵守普通程序中有關訴訟開始、文書送達等各方面的要求的一種程序。但適用簡易程序必須建立在正確調查事實的基礎之上，要事先告知〔notice〕當事人，並給予被控告實施某行為者或其財產將受影響者以陳述的機會。該詞有時也指某些非由法院進行的合法程序，如直接地排除防害〔physical abatement of a nuisance〕，自行取回財物〔recaption of goods〕等。

（五）receiver 接管人；trustee 受託人

理解並準確翻譯receiver和trustee需要查閱例句提到兩個法條。

Section 291 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code

§ 291. Receivers for insolvent corporations; appointment and powers.

Whenever a corporation shall be insolvent, the Court of Chancery, on the application of any creditor or stockholder thereof, may, at any time, appoint 1 or more persons to be receivers of and for the corporation, to take charge of its assets, estate, effects, business and affairs, and to collect the outstanding debts, claims, and property due and belonging to the corporation, with power to prosecute and defend, in the name of the corporation or otherwise, all claims or suits, to appoint an agent or agents under them, and to do all other acts which might be done by the corporation and which may be necessary or proper. The powers of the receivers shall be such and shall continue so long as the Court shall deem necessary.

http://delcode.delaware.gov/title8/c001/sc11/index.html

【第二百九十一條參考譯文】

第二百九十一條  無力償債公司的接管人；委任和職權

只要公司無力償還債務，基於該公司任何債權人或股東申請，衡平法院可以隨時委任一人或多人作為該公司的接管人，接管該公司的資產、產業、財產、業務和事務，為該公司收回到期未清償的債項、到期未決申索以及屬於該公司的財產，接管人有權以該公司的名義或以其他方式提起所有申索或訴訟，對所有申索或訴訟進行抗辯，接管人有權委任一名或多名代理人根據接管人指示行事，接管人還有權採取該公司可能採取的一切其他必要或適當的行動。接管人的職權是衡平法院認為必要的職權，只要衡平法院認為有必要，接管人即可行使該職權。

Section 279 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code

§ 279. Trustees or receivers for dissolved corporations; appointment; powers; duties.

When any corporation organized under this chapter shall be dissolved in any manner whatever, the Court of Chancery, on application of any creditor, stockholder or director of the corporation, or any other person who shows good cause therefor, at any time, may either appoint 1 or more of the directors of the corporation to be trustees, or appoint 1 or more persons to be receivers, of and for the corporation, to take charge of the corporation’s property, and to collect the debts and property due and belonging to the corporation, with power to prosecute and defend, in the name of the corporation, or otherwise, all such suits as may be necessary or proper for the purposes aforesaid, and to appoint an agent or agents under them, and to do all other acts which might be done by the corporation, if in being, that may be necessary for the final settlement of the unfinished business of the corporation. The powers of the trustees or receivers may be continued as long as the Court of Chancery shall think necessary for the purposes aforesaid.

http://delcode.delaware.gov/title8/c001/sc10/index.html

【第二百七十九條參考譯文】

第二百七十九條 解散公司的受託人或接管人；委任；職權；職責。

根據本章組建的公司以無論何種方式解散時，基於該公司的任何債權人、股東或董事申請，或者基於任何表明正當理由的其他人申請，衡平法院可以在任何時候委任該公司的一名或多名董事擔任該公司的受託人，或者委任一人或多人擔任該公司的接管人，接管該公司的財產，為該公司收回到期債項和屬於該公司的財產，受託人或接管人有權以該公司的名義或以其他方式提起就達致上述目的而言必要或適當的一切訴訟，有權針對此類訴訟進行抗辯，受託人或接管人有權委任一名或多名代理人根據受託人或接管人指示行事，受託人或接管人有權採取該公司為最終解決其未決事務而可能採取的一切其他行動（如果有這樣的行動）。只要衡平法院認為對於前述目的而言有必要，受託人或接管人即可行使該職權。

我們接下來參閱《元照英美法詞典》對於相關詞條的解釋：

receiver

(1)涉訟財產管理人

法院在審理以債務人為被告的案件時，為防止債務人財產的毀損、滅失或轉移，指定在案件審理期間負責保管債務人財產的管理人。涉訟財產管理人必須與案件無利害關係。管理人可以收取租金、收益和利潤，並根據法院的指示予以處理。

(2)破產財產管理人

在破產程序中，經授權管理破產人或破產企業的資產，並將資產變賣分配給各債權人的財產管理人。在美國，破產財產管理人一般稱「bankruptcy trustee」。

(3)接受贓物者

〈英〉明知是盜竊所得財物而予接收者

(4)〈英〉精神錯亂者的看管人

insolvency 無力償付債務；無力償債

指一個人的全部財產和資產不足以償付其債務。無力償債可引起破產程序，也可引起債務和解〔arrangement〕程序。破產需經司法裁決。

dissolution解散；終止；結束

如：１合同的解除，協議終止；２公司的終止，公司法人資格的終止，如依法被撤銷、許可期屆滿、破產等；３離婚，婚姻關係的解除，不包括婚姻無效；４合夥關係的終止，指因合夥人退伙而終止，區別於其業務的終止。

trustee in bankruptcy 破產財產管理人；破產受托人

接受破產財產，按信託方式為債權人利益進行經營管理的人。

综合例句中引述的法律条文和《元照英美法詞典》對於相關詞條的解釋，譯文將receiver譯為“接管人”，將trustee譯為“受託人”。

（六）in such manner as the said court directs 按照該法院指令的方式

in a…manner 以……方式

指示代詞such + 名詞 + 連詞as 構成定語從句

（七）a majority of number representing three fourths in value of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation 在本公司債權人（或某一類債權人）和/或股東（或某一類股東）之中有半數以上（即相當於他們所持有價值的四分之三）

represent在例句中是系動詞，意思是“意味著；等於；相當於”。參見《朗曼詞典》關於represent的第三項釋義：to form or be something (https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/represent)

（八）reorganization重組

參見Black’s Law Dictionary (Eighth Edition): reorganization. A financial restructuring of a corporation, esp. in the repayment of debts, under a plan created by a trustee and approval by a court.

（九）第一句文法結構分析

例句雖然較長，文法脈絡非常清晰。例句由兩句話構成。我們分別分析這兩句的文法結構。

連詞whenever引導時間狀語從句：Whenever a compromise or arrangement is proposed between the Corporation and its creditors or any class of them and/or between the Corporation and its stockholders or any class of them

在從句中，a compromise or arrangement是主語。is proposed是謂語。between the Corporation and its creditors or any class of them和between the Corporation and its stockholders or any class of them是由並列連詞and/or連接的兩個定語。

主句是any court of equitable jurisdiction within the State of Delaware may, on the application in a summary way of the Corporation or any creditor or stockholder thereof or on the application of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 291 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code or on the application of trustees in dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 279 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code, order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation, as the case may be, to be summoned in such manner as the said court directs

在主句中，any court of equitable jurisdiction within the State of Delaware是主語。謂語是may order。

a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation, as the case may be, to be summoned in such manner as the said court directs是複合賓語，由名词性短语a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation和不定式to be summoned in such manner as the said court directs构成。as the case may be是状语。

主句包含相對複雜的狀語on the application in a summary way of the Corporation or any creditor or stockholder thereof or on the application of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 291 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code or on the application of trustees in dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 279 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code

根據文義，可以將狀語分成三部分：

(1) on the application in a summary way of the Corporation or any creditor or stockholder thereof 基於本公司或它的任何債權人或股東以簡易方式提出的申請

(2) on the application of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 291 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code

原文application之後有幾層定語，為避免譯文中“申請”一詞前面的定語過長，根據文義作了調整，使譯文流暢：倘若依照《德拉瓦州法典》第八編第二百九十一條的規定，為本公司指定任何一位或多位接管人，則基於該接管人的申請

(3) on the application of trustees in dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for the Corporation under the provisions of Section 279 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code

原文application之後的定語比前一項又複雜了一些，基於同樣的思路對譯文作了調整：倘若依照《德拉瓦州法典》第八編第二百七十九條的規定，為本公司指定解散財產受託人或者任何一位或多位接管人，則基於該受託人或接管人的申請

（十）第二句文法結構分析

連詞if引導的條件狀語從句If a majority of number representing three fourths in value of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation, as the case may be, agree to any compromise or arrangement and to any reorganization of the Corporation as a consequence of such compromise or arrangement

a majority of number是從句的主語。現在分詞短語representing three fourths in value of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of the Corporation作為定語修飾主語。

as the case may be是狀語。

agree to是謂語。agree to something 的意思是“贊成，同意”。參見《朗曼詞典》的第二項釋義：to say yes to an idea, plan, suggestion etc (https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/agree)

any compromise or arrangement和any reorganization of the Corporation是賓語。as a consequence of such compromise or arrangement是修飾第二個賓語的狀語。

主句是the said compromise or arrangement and the said reorganization shall, if sanctioned by the court to which the said application has been made, be binding on all the creditors or class of creditors, and/or on all the stockholders, or class of stockholders, of the Corporation, as the case may be, and also on this Corporation

主語是the said compromise or arrangement and the said reorganization。

謂語是shall be binding on。

賓語是all the stockholders, or class of stockholders, of the Corporation和this Corporation。

主句包含兩個狀語：if sanctioned by the court to which the said application has been made和as the case may be。

連詞if和分詞短語sanctioned by the court to which the said application has been made構成的狀語中包含一個關係代詞which引導的定語從句。先行詞the court是定語從句的介詞賓語。sanction在這裡的意思是“批准”。

定語從句雖然不長，但由於中英文表述習慣不同，假如直接譯成“如果得到向其提出上述申請的法院批准”，譯文讀起來很不自然。

考慮到以上情況，參考譯文根據文義，將這個定語從句轉化成兩句話：只要已向上述法院提出相關申請且申請獲得該法院批准。

【參考譯文】

只要本公司與它的債權人（或某一類債權人）之間及/或本公司與它的股東（或某一類股東）之間擬達成和解或者償債安排，基於本公司或它的任何債權人或股東以簡易方式提出的申請，或者倘若依照《德拉瓦州法典》第八編第二百九十一條的規定，為本公司指定任何一位或多位接管人，則基於該接管人的申請，或者倘若依照《德拉瓦州法典》第八編第二百七十九條的規定，為本公司指定解散財產受託人或者指定任何一位或多位接管人，則基於該受託人或接管人的申請，德拉瓦州境內具有衡平法管轄權的法院可以裁定根據具體情況，按照該法院指令的方式，召集本公司的債權人（或者某一類債權人）會議，及/或股東（或某一類股東）會議。如果根據具體情況，在本公司債權人（或某一類債權人）和/或股東（或某一類股東）之中有半數以上（相當於他們所持有價值的四分之三）贊成和解或償債安排並且贊成因和解或償債安排而對本公司進行重組，只要已向上述法院提出相關申請且申請獲得該法院批准，此项和解或償債安排以及重組，根據具體情況，不僅對本公司的全體債權人（或該類債權人）和/或全體股東（或該類股東）具有約束力，對本公司亦具有約束力。